The first year at a glance
| 8 weeksThe earliest a puppy should leave its mum | Coming home |
|---|---|
| 8 and 10 to 12 weeksFully protected about 2 weeks after the second | Vaccinations |
| Up to about 14 weeksThe socialisation window | Meet the world |
| 12 to 16 weeksAdult teeth through by about 6 months | Teething |
| About 6 monthsLater for large breeds; ask your vet | Neutering |
| 6 months onwardsTraining can wobble. Keep going | Teenage phase |
| 12 to 18 monthsLater for giant breeds | Fully grown |
Why the socialisation window matters
Between about 3 and 14 weeks, puppies learn what’s normal and safe. A puppy who meets lots of people, other dogs, traffic, vacuum cleaners and car journeys calmly in these weeks usually grows into a relaxed adult. Most of that window happens before they can walk outside, so carry them: a bench by a busy road, a trip to the shops in your arms, friends coming round.
Vaccinations and going outside
Puppies usually have their first vaccination at 8 weeks and the second at 10 to 12 weeks. They’re protected about 2 weeks after the second. Until then, keep them away from places where unvaccinated dogs may have been, like parks and pavements. Your garden is usually fine if no unvaccinated dogs have been there.
Insurance from day one
Have cover start the day your puppy comes home, so nothing in the first weeks is treated as a pre-existing condition.
Compare dog insuranceWe may be paid if you use this link. It never changes our sums.
Neutering: when?
The PDSA says most dogs can be neutered from about 4 to 6 months. Large and giant breeds grow for longer, so vets may suggest waiting until they’re older. For girls, spaying before the first season lowers the risk of some cancers. After a season, it’s usually done about 3 months later. Agree the timing with your vet.
Questions
When can my puppy go outside?
About 2 weeks after their second vaccination, usually at 12 to 14 weeks old. Before then you can carry them outside to see and hear the world.
When do puppies stop teething?
Baby teeth start falling out at about 12 to 16 weeks, and all adult teeth are usually through by about 6 months.
When do puppies calm down?
Most puppies go through a teenage phase from about 6 months, and settle as they become adults, at around 1 to 2 years. Training and plenty of exercise help.